Spelling

=**__Lesson 1__**= **A, AN** not without, //anarchy// **AB, A** from, away, apart //abnormal// **AC, ACR** sharp, sour //acid// **AD, A** to, toward //advance// **ALI, ALTR** another //alien// **AM, AMI** love //amorous// **AMBI, AMPHI** both //amphibian// **AMBL, AMBUL** walk //ambulance// **ANIM** mind, spirit, breath //animal// **ANN, ENN** year //annual// [|PLAY SOME GAMES WITH THESE WORDS] =**__Lesson 2__**= **ANTE, ANT** before //antebellum// **ANTHROP** human //anthropology// **ANTI, ANT** against, opposite //antonyms// **AUD** hear //audio// **AUTO** self //automatic// **BELLI, BELL** war //belligerent// **BENE, BEN** good //benefit// **BI** two //bicycle// **BIBLIO** books //bibliography// **BIO** life //biology//
 * __Rule__** When you add a suffix that begins with a vowel to a word that ends with silent e, drop the silent e
 * __Words__** pleasant, resemblance, proposal, practical, ignition, enclosure, financial, rescuing, raising, relative, observant, guidance, rehearsal, global, indication, legislature, racial, arguing, writing, cooperative
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** When you add a suffix that begins with a consonant to a word that ends in silent e, keep the final e. Drop the e if the suffiz begins with a vowex
 * __Words__** festivity, severely, timing, lovely, likely, completely, definitely, intensive, defenseless, pricing, blaming, aging, senseless, confining, endorsement, measurement, amusement, engagement, stating, achieving
 * __Roots__**

=**__Lesson 3__**= **BURS** money, purse //reimburse// **CAS, CAD, CID** happen, fall //cascade// **CAP, CIP** head //decapitate// **CARN** flesh //carnivore// **CAP, CAPT, CEPT, CIP** take, seize //capture// **CED, CESS** yield, go //concede// **CHROM** color //chromatic// **CHRON** time //chronological// **CIDE** murder //homicide// **CIRCUM** around //circumnavigate// =**__Lesson 4__**= **CLIN, CLIV** slope //incline// **CLUD, CLUS, CLAUS, CLOIS** shut, close //include// **CO, COM, CON** with, together //company// **COGN, GNO** know //ignorant// **CONTRA** against //contradict// **CORP** body //corpse// **COSMO, COSM** world //cosmopolitan// **CRAC, CRAT** rule //democracy// **CRED** trust, believe //incredible// **CRESC, CRET** grow //secret// =**__Lesson 5__**= **CULP** blame, fault //culprit// **CURR, CURS** run //current// **DE** down, out, apart //decrease// **DEC** ten, tenth //decimal// **DEMO, DEM** people //democracy// **DI, DIURN** day //diary// **DIA** across //diagonal// **DIC, DICT** speak //dictate// **DIS, DIF,DI** not, apart, away //disappear// **DOC, DOCT** teach //doctor// =**__Lesson 6__**= **DOL** pain //condolences// **DUC, DUCT** lead //conduct// **EGO** self //egocentric// **EN, EM** in, into //enter// **ERR** wander //error// **EU** well, good //euthanasia// **EX, E** out //exit// **FAC, FIC, FECT** make, do //factory// **FAL, FALS** deceive //false// **FERV** boil //effervescent// =**__Lesson 7__**= **FID** faith, trust //fidelity// **FLU, FLUX** flow //fluent// **FORE** before //forecast// **FRAG, FRAC** break //fracture// **FUS** pour //profuse// **GEN** birth, class, kin //generation// **GRAD, GRESS** step //graduate// **GRAPH, GRAM** writing //biography// **GRAT** pleasing //grateful// **GRAV, GRIEV** heavy //gravity// =**__Lesson 9__**= **GREG** crowd, flock //segregate// **HABIT, HIBIT** have, hold //inhabit// **HAP** by chance //happen// **HELIO, HELI** sun //helium// **HETERO** other //heterogeneous// **HOL** whole //holistic// **HOMO** same //homogenized// **HOMO** man //homicide// **HYDR** water //hydrant// **HYPER** too much, excess //hyperactive// =**__Lesson 10__**= **HYPO** too little hypothermia **IN, IL,IG, IM, IR** not //inept, illegal// **IN, IL, IM, IR** in, into //innate// **INTER** between, among //international// **INTRA, INTR** within //intramurals// **IT, ITER** between, among //itinerant// **JECT, JET** throw //eject// **JOUR** day //journal// **JUD** judge //judicial// **JUNCT, JUG** join //junction// =**__Lesson 11__**= **JUR** swear, law //jury// **LAT** side //latitude// **LAV, LAU, LU** wash //lavatory// **LEG, LEC, LEX** read, speak //lecture// **LEV** light //levitate// **LIBER** free //liberate// **LIG, LECT** choose, gather //elect// **LIG, LI, LY** bind //ligament// **LANG, LING** tongue //language// **LITER** letter //literature// =**__Lesson 12__**= **LITH** stone //monolith// **LOQU, LOC, LOG** speech, thought //eloquent// **LUC, LUM** light //illuminate// **LUD, LUS** play //prelude// **MACRO** great //macrocosm// **MAG, MAJ, MAS, MAX** great //maximum// **MAL** bad //malnutrition// **MAN** hand //manual// **MAR** sea //submarine// **MATER, MATR** mother //maternal// =**__Lesson 13__**=
 * __Rule__** ate is a verb ending, ion is a noun ending
 * __Words__** equation, separation, narration, decoration, hibernation, legislation, inflation, irritation, obligation, congregation, evaluation, creation, navigation, coordination, evacuation, generation, manipulation, domination, participation, isolation
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** A prefix is added directly to the beginning of a word to make a different meaning. The base word does not change when adding a prefix
 * __Words__** restrain, request, explain, exchange, injustice, incorporate, denotation, demerit, proclaim, proportion, dissatisfied, discharge, substandard, subcommittee, prehistoric, prejudge, contribute, congenial, perfume, permission
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** A root is a word part that cannot stand alone. Changing the prefix changes the meaning. Ject means to throw
 * __Words__** recession, procession, concession, constitution, substitution, institution, reflection, inflection, perspire, inspire, exhibit, inhibit, prohibit, dejection, rejection, projection, persuade, dissuade, presume, consume
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** Two words connected form a compound word. When an apostrophe is used to show letters are omitted, it is a contraction
 * __Words__** background, halfback, network, scoreboard, roommate, videotape, elsewhere, otherwise, whoever, anyone, two-thirds, forty-eight, audio-visual, left-handed, brothers-in-law, they're, who's, haven't, weren't, should've
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** Consonant pairs where one is silent: gn, bt, ps, gh, mn, lm, mb, rh
 * __Words__** designer, alignment, campaign, gnawed, indebted, doubtful, psalma,psychology, spaghetti, ghetto, solemn, column, condemn, autumn, qualms, calmly, plumbing, numbed, rhythmic, rhymed
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** If the letter before the final y is a vowel, do not change the y when you add a suffix. If the letter before the final y is a consonant, change the y to i before you add suffix, except for ING
 * __Words__** swaying, conveyed, defrayed, dismaying, employed, subways, medleys, attorneys, pulleys, decoys, applied, defying, envying, tallied, modified, celebrities, centuries, penalties, galleries, agencies
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** When you add ly to a word ending in al remeber one l belongs to the base word and one l belongs to the suffix. Don't drop either
 * __Words__** locality, finally, legally, equality, fatality, actually, really, totally, mentally, morally, nationally, punctuality, generally, personality, individually, originality, practically, formality, technicality, sentimentality
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** The suffixes -able and -ance are more commonly added to complete words. -able makes adjectives, -ance makes nouns. _ible,-ence,-ent are more commonly added to roots. -ible makes adjectives, -ence makes nouns
 * __Words__** dependable, acceptable, approachable, obtainable, detectable, clearance, resemblance, ignorance, compliance, alliance, compatible, susceptible, permissible, impossible, incredible, experience, ingredient, prominent, permanent, adjacent
 * __Roots__**
 * __Rule__** Prefixes that have meanings of prepositions
 * __Words__** intermission, interview, interstate, interpreter, interception, interrupt, international, perennial, percolate, perforated, perpetual, perseverance, abdicate, absence, destruction, deprived, depleted, paramedic, parallel, paraphrase
 * __Roots__**

Rule:
When the last letter of the PREFIX changes to match the first letter of the ROOT, the prefix is ASSIMILATED

Words:
decelerate, accelerate, relocate, allocate, progression, aggression, derive, arrive, resume, assume, excuse, accuse, intention, attention, pronounce, announce, resent, assent, comprehend, apprehend

Roots:
**MEDI** middle medium =**__Lesson 14__**=
 * MEGA** great megaphone
 * MEM, MEN** remember memory
 * METER, METR** measure thermometer
 * MICRO** small microscope
 * MIS** wrong, bad, hate misunderstand
 * MIT, MISS** send transmit
 * MOLL** soft mollusk
 * MON, MONIT** warn monitor
 * MONO** one monologue

Rule:
C and G have a hard sound when followed by a,o,u or any consonant but y C and G have a soft sound when followed by e,i, or y

Words:
citizen, concerned, license, calendar, custom, cereal, certain, circumstances, recycle, reluctant, courage, urgency, magician, category, guarantee, guard, digestion, fragile, gymnasium, gargle

Roots:
**MOR** custom, manner moral **MOR, MORT** dead mortal **MORPH** shape metamorphosis **MOV, MOT, MOB** move mobility **MUT** change mutate **NAT, NASC** born native **NAU, NAV** ship, sailor nautical **NEG** not, deny negative **NEO** new neonatal **NIHIL** none, nothing annihilate =__Lesson 15__=

Rule:
AR often follows the letter L OR and ORY frequently follow T and usually refer to a person

Words:
popular, regular, solar, familiar, similar, editor, author, superior, major, minor,ordinary, library, temporary, secretary, voluntary, imaginary, necessary, history, victory, memory

Roots:
**NOM,NYM** name synonym, antonym
 * NOX,NIC,NEC,NOC** harm obnoxious
 * NOV** new novelty
 * NUMER** number numeral
 * OB** against obstruct
 * OMNI** all omnivorous
 * ONER** burden exonerate
 * OPER** work operate, cooperate
 * PAC** peace pacify
 * PALP** feel palpitation

=__Lesson 17__=

Rule:
1 syl +1 vowel +1 consonant (fit) 1 vowel in final Accented syllable (ad mit) --double final consonant if suffix begins with a vowel --don't double final consonant if suffix begins with consonant

Words:
fitting, thinnest, madly, throbbed, summary, zipper, quitting, admittance, remitted, permitted, omitting, submitting, occurrence, recurred, concurred, regrettable, acquittal, equipment, annulled, commitment

Roots:
**PAN** all panorama
 * PATER, PATR** father, patriot
 * PATH, PASS** feel sympathy
 * PEC** money, speculate
 * PED, POD** foot, pedestrian
 * PEL, PULS** drive compulsive
 * PEN** almost peninsula
 * PEND, PENS** hang pendant
 * PER** through, by, for percent
 * PER** against, destruction perforate

=__Lesson 18__=

Rule:
If the accent shifts in a VAC word, do NOT double the final consonant

Words:
expelled, repellent, propeller, compelling, dispelled, reference, inferred, preference, conferring, transferred, profiting, benefited, credited, editor, limiting, modeled, labeled, traveler, canceling, quarreling

Roots:
**PERI** around perimeter **PET** seek, go towards petition **PHOB** fear claustrophobia **PHON** sound phonics **PON, POS** put, place position **POT** drink potion **POT** power potential
 * PHIL** love philanthropy
 * PLAC** calm, please placate
 * PORT** carry portable

[|Wordfind]

=__Lesson 19__=

Rule:
Soft c ang g endings-ence, ent, ible, ious Hard c ang endings0ance, ant, able, uous Sometimes the silent e remains before adding a suffix to keep the c or g soft

Words:
elegant, extravagance, navigable, ambiguous, applicant, significance, communicable, conspicuous, intelligent, negligence, eligible, contagious, magnificent, innocence, convincible, suspicious, outrageous, vengeance, enforceable, replaceable

Roots:
**PRE** before prefix **PRIM** first primary **PROTO** first protagonist **PROX,PROP** near approximate **PYR** fire pyromaniac **QUES, QUER** question quest **QUIE** quiet acquiesce =__Lesson 20__=
 * PRO** ahead, forth proceed
 * PSEUDO** false pseudonym
 * QUAD, QUAT, QUAR** four quadrilateral

Rule:
con and in change to m when followed by m, p, b

Words:
congressional, conservative, connotation, commentator, commute, commercial, competition, computer, compromise, combustion, intuition, insulation, innocent, immunity, immortality, immediately, impatient, impostor, impeached, imbedded

Roots:
**RADI, RAMI** branches radius **RECT, REG** straight, rule rectangle **RETRO** backward retroactive **RID, RIS** laugh ridiculous **ROG ask** interrogate **RUPT** break interrupt **SACR, SANCT** holy sacred =__Lesson 21__=
 * QUINT, QUIN** five quintuplets
 * REG king, rule** regal
 * RUD** rough, crude rude

When com or in is added to a base word beginning with r or l, the n or m changes to r or l
afford, affliction, affirmative, affection, difficult, suffered, suffocate, sufficient, official, offered, correspondent, corrupt, irresponsible, irrigation, irresistible, collision, illuminate, illegible, illiterate
 * Words:**

Roots:
**SCRIB, SCRIPT, SCRIV** write inscribe **SE** apart, away segregate **SED, SID** sit residence **SEM** seed, sow disseminate **SENT, SENS** feel, think sentiment **SEQU, SECU** follow sequence **SIGN** mark, sign signal
 * SEC, SECT** cut dissect
 * SEN** old senior
 * SIM, SEM** similar, same resemblance

=__Lesson 22__= =Rule: Qu is pronounced /kw/ at the beginning or middle of a word. It is pronounced /k/ in the middle or at the end.= =Words: unique, clique, plaque, masquerade, conquer, lacquer, acquire, acquainted, adequately, colloquial, inquisitive, banquet, sequel, quizzical, quiver, questionnaire, quarantine, quench, quaint, quintuplet= =Roots:= =**SIN** curve insinuate= =**SOL** sun solar= =**SOL** alone solar= =**SOMN** sleep insomnia= =**SON** sound sonar= =**SOPH** wisdom sophomore= =**SPEC** see, look spectator= =**SPER** hope prosper= =**SPERS, SPAR** scatter disperse= =**SPIR** breathe respiration=

=__Lesson 23__= =Rule= Ph and gh are pronounced /f/. If it is spelled ph, it comes from Greek, if it is spelled gh is comes from Old English

=Words= enough, roughly, toughness, laughter, coughed, pamphlet, symphonic, triumphantly, alphabetical, catastrophe, phase, phantom, pharmacy, physician, philosophy, atmosphere, hemisphere, decipher, amphibian, emphasize

=Roots=
 * STRICT, STRING** bind constrict
 * STRUCT, STRU** build, construct
 * SUB** under submarine
 * SUMM** highest summit
 * SUPER, SUR** above supervise
 * SURGE, SURRECT** rise resurrection
 * SYN, SYM** together sympathy
 * TACIT, TIC** silent reticent
 * TACT, TAG, TANG** touch tangible
 * TEN, TIN, TAIN** hold, twist detention

=__Lesson 25__= =Rule:= Greek combining forms can be used in any part of a word. =Words:= grammar, phonics, graphic, nautical, meter, telegram, telephone, phonograph, astronaut, geometry, opticlal, thermos, static, typical, agony, optometry, thermometer, thermostat, stereotype, protagonist =Roots:= TEND, TENS, TENT: stretch dis__tend__ TERM: end __ter__minal TERR: earth, land __terr__ain TEST: witness __test__ify THE: god __the__ology THERM: heat __therm__al TIM: fear __tim__id TOP: place __top__ic TORT: twist dis__tort__ TORP: stiff, numb __torp__edo =__Lesson 26__= =Rule:= in becomes im and syn becomes sym before m,b,p; in becomes il and syn becomes syl before l =Words:= synthesis, synopsis, synchronize, symmetrical, symptom,sympathy, symbol, syllable, thesis, hypothesis, parenthesis, anonymous, antonym,pseudonym,chronic, chronicle, chronology, pathology, apathy, telepathy

=**Roots:**= TOX poison __to__xic TRACT draw __tract__or TRANS across, over __trans__port TREM, TREP shake __trem__ble TURB shake dis__turb__ UMBR shadow __umb__rella UNI, UN one __uni__fy URB city __urb__an VAC: empty, __vac__ant VAL, VAIL: value, strength __val__id =**__Lesson 27__**=

Rule:
Greek and Latin plurals can be spelled two ways

Words:
crises, bases, oases, diagnoses, analyses, stimuli, alumni, radii, curricula, criteria, indexes, appendixes, octopuses, aquariums, stadiums, vacuums, memorandums, data, media, agendas

Roots:
**VEN, VENT** come con__vent__ion
 * VER** true __ver__ify
 * VERB** word __verb__al
 * VERT, VERS** turn re__vers__e
 * VICT, VINC** conquer __vict__ory
 * VID, VIS** see __vis__ion
 * VIL** base, mean __vil__e
 * VIV, VIT** life __viv__id
 * VOC, VOK, VOW** word __voc__al
 * VOL** wish __vol__untary
 * VOLV, VOLUT** turn,roll re__volv__e
 * VOR** eat carni__vor__e